VRML Representations of Atomic Orbitals

Visualization of Atomic Orbitals

The table below contains links to files depicting the isosurfaces for various atomic orbitals. The isosurface contains 90% of the electron density for the chosen atomic orbital.

The displays require Java3D. If the applet is not visible, consult the Java3D FAQ. Drag with the left mouse button to rotate, the center button to zoom, and the right button to move the object.

Some of the isosurface files are relatively large and may take a few seconds to download and deploy.

Atomic Orbitals

1s
2s						2p_x	2p_y	2p_z
3s						3p_x	3p_y	3p_z
4s	3d_z²	3d_xz	3d_yz	3d_xy	3d_x²-y²	4p_x	4p_y	4p_z
	4d_z²	4d_xz	4d_yz	4d_xy	4d_x²-y²


		4f_5z³-3zr²	4f_5xz²-xr²	4f_5yz²-yr²	4f_x³-3xy²	4f_y³-3yx²	4f_xyz	4f_zx²-zy²

Hybrid Atomic Orbitals

sp	linear	1	2
sp²	trigonal planar	1	2	3
sp³	tetrahedral	1	2	3	4
dsp²	square planar	1	2	3	4
dsp³	trigonal bipyramidal	1 equitorial	2 equitorial	3 equitorial	4 axial	5 axial
d²sp³	octahedral	1	2	3	4	5	6

The sp, sp², and sp³ hybrid orbitals are constructed from the hydrogen 2s and the appropriate 2p orbitals.
The dsp² orbitals are constructed from the hydrogen 3s, 3p_x, 3p_y, and 3d_x²-y² orbitals.
The dsp³ orbitals are constructed from the hydrogen 3s, 3p_x, 3p_y, 3p_z and 3d_z² orbitals.
The d²sp³ orbitals are constructed from the hydrogen 3s, 3p_x, 3p_y, 3p_z, 3d_z², and 3d_x²-y² orbitals.

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