1. "Process 1" is a constant pressure process. The pressure of the gas remains constant during the expansion. See the PV Plot generated during the process.



2. See the Tutorial for Experiment: Thermochemistry for the solution.



3. Of the 5.06 • 10³ J of heat, q_p, absorbed by the ideal gas from the "Heat Reservior," 2025 J were used to do PV work. Since the gas expands, work is done by the gas on the piston and thus w is a negative number (w = - 2025 J).



4. Of the 5.06 • 10³ J of heat, q_p, absorbed by the ideal gas from the "Heat Reservior," 2025 J were used to do PV work and the remaining 3.04 • 10³ J were used to increase the internal energy, DE, of the gas.
   
   



5. Initially, the ideal monatomic gas occupies 1.0 L at 10.0 atm and 366 K. When the cylinder is placed in contact with the "Heat Reservoir," the volume of the gas increases and pressure decreases. At the end of the simulation the temperature of the gas is 366 K. See the PV Plot generated during the process.
   
   



6. The heat absorbed from the "Heat Reservoir" by the gas is used to do PV work. The heat provides the energy needed to expand the gas.



7. Initially, the ideal monatomic gas occupies 3.0 L at 1.6 atm and 176 K. The pressure exerted on the gas by the piston is increased slowly and the gas is compressed. At the end of the simulation the gas occupies 1.0 L at 10.0 atm and 366 K. See the PV Plot generated during the process.
   
   



8. Since the gas is compressed, work is done by the surroundings (piston) on the system (ideal gas) and w is a positive number.



9. In an adiabatic process (q = 0) the change in the internal energy of the gas is equal to PV work , i.e. DE = w. Thus, the work done on the gas in "Process 3" is used to increase the kinetic energy of the gas.



10. Initially, the ideal monatomic gas occupies 1.0 L at 10.0 atm and 366 K. When the cylinder which lacks a movable piston is placed in contact with a "Heat Sink," the pressure and temperature of the gas drop. At the end of the simulation the gas occupies 1.0 L at 5.0 atm and 183 K. See the PV Plot generated during the process.
    
    



11. "Process 4" is a constant volume process.



12. The loss of heat (kinetic energy) from the gas to the "Heat Sink" produces a drop in the temperature of the gas. Since the volume is held constant, the pressure of the gas decreases proportionately with a decrease in the absolute temperature, i.e. .