Solutions to Web Experiment: Chemical Kinetics II

Web Experiment: Chemical Kinetics II
Answers to Questions



  1. An activation energy of Ea(1) was selected, and the following rate data were collected at 298K.



    At constant temperature the initial rate of consumption of A, , decreases with a decrease in the initial molarity of A, .


  2. As the plot displayed below illustrates, the rate of consumption of A decreases with time. The rate of consumption of A is 2.9898 M/sec near time zero, 0.2067 M/sec at 4 sec, and 0.0200 M/sec at 15 sec. These rates of consumption of A, , are the slopes of the tangents to the molarity-versus-time curve at the indicated times.



    Since the rate of consumption of A decreases with a decrease in the molarity of A and the molarity of A, , decreases with time in the plot above, then the rate of consumption of A, , will decrease with time.


  3. The rate of consumption of A , , is twice the rate of formation of B, , in the plot above. Indeed, the rate of formation of B is proportional to the rate of consumption of A, and the proportionality constant is the mole ratio.



  4. The following initial rate data were collected at 400 K.



    When the initial molarity of A is held constant, the initial rate of consumption of A decreases with an increase in the energy of activation at 400 K.


  5. An activation energy of Ea(2) was selected, and the following rate data were collected .



    The initial rate of consumption of A increases with an increase in temperature when the initial molarity of A is held constant.


  6. The rate law for the reaction is . We will use the method of initial reaction rates to determine the order of the reaction, x. The initial rates of consumption of A for at least two different inital molarities of A are needed to evaluate x. These initial rates will be measured at the same temperature.





  7. The activation energy, Ea, is related to the observed rate constant, kobs, and the absolute temperature, T, through the Arrhenius equation, . A plot of ln(kobs) versus 1/T yields a straight line with a slope of -Ea/R. Initial rate data will be collected at several different temperatures in order to acquire values for kobs at different temperatures. The values for kobs can be calculated from initial rate data, i.e. .